Medical Asepsis Essay Example

Medical Asepsis Paper Microorganisms are naturally present in the environment. Some are beneficial and some are not. Some are harmless to most people and others are detrimental to many persons. The efforts of many persons are involved in maintaining a microorganism-safe environment. But we cannot take away microorganisms in our environment and even within our body because they will always be a part of the ecosystem without them man cannot exist for they have their own important roles not only to our environment but especially within our body. Indigenous micro flora is what we call the microorganisms that are found almost in all parts of our body that does not cause harm; problems just arise when some of them become opportunistic when misplaced to any part of the anatomy of the body that they usually do not stay. Health personnel like nurses are one of the persons responsible for the regulations for the control of certain communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatitis and venereal diseases and should be indulge in hospital infection surveillance program. In medicine, there are terms commonly used to describe medical and surgical asepsis, sterilization and disinfection. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Asepsis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Asepsis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Asepsis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Asepsis is generally divided into two types: medical asepsis and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis is used continuously both within and outside health agencies because it is assumed that pathogens are likely to be present even if the exact kind is unknown. For example, public drinking cups are unsanitary because pathogens may be present on the cup after being used by someone who is possibly harboring pathogens. Occasionally, a specific pathogen is known to be present. For example, laboratory analysis indicates that a burn has become infected with Staphylococcus aureus. You can find out more Aseptic techniques   In this case, isolation techniques, which are forms of medical asepsis, are used to prevent further spread of the organisms. Surgical asepsis involves handling objects and areas that must be kept sterile. For example, the needle used for an injection is handled in asepsis so that it is sterile when inserted into a patient. A sterile forceps is used to handle sterile dressings to protect them from contamination. Surgical asepsis is used extensively in operating and delivery rooms by nurses and other health personnel have to protect the patient from microorganisms. In observing medical asepsis, areas are considered contaminated if they bear, or are suspected of bearing pathogens, areas are considered contaminated if touched by any object that is not sterile. One of the most important aspects of surgical and medical asepsis is that the effectiveness of both depends on the faithfulness and the conscientiousness of those carrying them out. Failure to be exact and meticulous cannot be detected in many instances. Objects like a drinking glass, a comb, or a syringe and needle could be cleaned apparently or not disinfected or sterilized, and no one except the person responsible would know. We have common practices of medical asepsis in public facilities like, the use of paper towels in rest rooms it is important, to observe toilet manners in aseptic way, the examination of food handlers for evidence of disease and the enforcement of frequent hand washing by food handlers because some of the pathogenic microorganisms came from the feces of a human being especially for those who are handlers of raw and cooked foods some microbes are easily acquired by human through ingestion. The use of individually wrapped drinking straws for drinking and, the use of tongs to lift food from common service trays in cafeterias, the use of sterilized combs and brushes in barber and beauty shops Nearly every nursing activity includes practices of medical asepsis. The following are specific measure that incorporates in medical asepsis and every nurse should adapt these as her role in the implementation of the standard type of asepsis. A nurse should always wash her hands frequently but especially before handling foods, before eating, after using a handkerchief, after going to the toilet, and before and after each patient contact. She/he should keep soiled items and equipment from touching the clothing. Carry soiled linens or other used articles so that they do not touch the uniform. When she is stooping or bending, she should not allow her uniform to touch the floor, which is disgustingly contaminated. She should dispose soiled or used items directly into appropriate containers. Wrap items that are moist from body discharge in waterproof containers such as plastic bags, before discarding into the refuse holder so that handlers will not come into contact with them. She should avoid having patients cough, sneeze, or breathe directly on others. Provide them with disposable tissues, and instruct them, as indicated, to cover the patient’s mouth and nose when close contact is necessary, such as during examination. The nurse should always move equipment away their body when brushing, dusting, or scrubbing particles. Because this helps prevent contaminated particles from setting on the hair, face and uniform. When cleaning a nurse should avoid raising dust, and instead use a dampened cloth. She should not sake linens for the reason that dust and lint particles serves as a vehicle by which organisms may be transported from one area to another. Upon cleaning she should clean the least soiled areas first and then the more soiled ones. In this way the cleaner area is avoided to be soiled by the dirtier area. When pouring liquids that are to be discarded, such as bath water, mouth rinse, and the like, it should be pour directly into the drain so as t5o avoid splattering in the sink and into their body. All items that are suspected of containing pathogens should be sterilized properly following the correct process of sterilization the follows aseptic technique. Lastly, as a nurse and health practitioner personal grooming is a must to help prevent spreading microorganisms. The basis of right grooming like shampooing the air regularly, keeping it short or pinned, there are always possibility of carrying microorganisms on hair shafts, keeping the fingernails short and free of broken cuticles and ragged nail edges, avoiding wearing rings with groves and stones that may harbor microorganisms. Conclusion Teaching and supportive measures are probably the two biggest contributions the nurse can make during the period she stays inside the medical premises and take good care of her patient’s. She is responsible of informing the patient and its family to have the accurate understanding of the pertinent epidemiologic facts of the situation ad how to carry out the specific situations. Work Cited Potter, P. A. , Perry A. G. (2004) Fundamentals of Nursing. 6th edition. Elsevier Mosby Publishing. Potter, (2004). Fundamentals of Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences Division.

How to Grow Orange Potassium Dichromate Crystals

How to Grow Orange Potassium Dichromate Crystals If youve mastered basic crystals, try growing an orange potassium dichromate crystal. Usually you have to use food coloring to get an orange crystal, but this crystal color is natural. Materials Potassium dichromateDistilled water Time Required Hours for seed crystal, weeks for larger single crystal What You Do Dissolve as much potassium dichromate as you can in warm water.Filter the solution, cover it, and allow it to sit undisturbed for several hours or until growth is observed. Alternatively, you could produce a seed crystal by evaporating a few drops of this solution in a shallow dish.You can grow a mass of crystals by just allowing the solution to evaporate, but for a large single crystal, decant the solution into a clean container whenever you notice growth other than on your seed crystal(s).You can control the growth of your crystal by changing the temperature of the solution or by controlling the rate of evaporation by the type of cover you put on the container (e.g., coffee filter has free airflow, sealing the container with plastic doesnt).The resulting crystals will be bright orange rectangular prisms.

Canadian business law case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Canadian business law - Case Study Example of Chip operates on an equal bargaining power as the Axel company receiving his services (Government of Canada, 2014).Therefore, his new terms of work calls for autonomous management of his own affairs and complete independence in the execution of his duties as assigned by the company (Primerus, 2014). The Canadian Ministry of Labor provides policy guidelines for managing the aspects of independent contractors. The ministry, while offering protection for the rights of both employees and independent contractors, outrightly describes Chip’s situation differently. He ceased to have entitlement to benefits accruing to the company’s employees. From a critical viewpoint, Chip is no longer Axel’s employee, meaning that he does not have to be answerable to the company. He has no employment rights enshrined in the ESA as he had before going the independence way. Furthermore, he has no entitlement to equal treatment as other employees working under Axel. While coming to this new contract, Chip had made all considerations and come to a sober and an informed decision thereby foregoing all related employee benefits. Against the legal obligations of the Canadian Revenue Agency (CRA), Chip faces two conflicting scenarios; he has fraudulently evaded tax and premium compliance by not informing the Workers Compensation scheme of the current changes in his work contract. According to the obligations of the CRA, Chip ought to commence remitting his own revenue billings, an obligation that he violated by not informing the relevant authorities of the changes in work contract. Moreover, no workplace insurance premiums get billed on the work as done by Chip. This scenario means that he fraudulently remains a beneficiary of the Axel’s employee schemes against the requirements besides signing a different work contract. As he drove out of Axel’s premises, Chip’s mandate was independent of Axel’s. He was absolutely out of duty as per the new work contract such that his

Bearing Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bearing Failure - Essay Example The fan is driven by a large electric motor mounted vertically. These motors have been giving frequent problems due to the failure of the bearing, mounted on the shaft, on the underside of the motor. Repeated failure of these bearings is a cause of concern since it leads to frequent power outages and the attendant maintenance problems. The premature failure of the bearing also leads to damage of the stator, rotor and other parts making this a problem with much larger consequences than just the collapse of a single bearing. Bearings are used to provide smooth and low friction movement between two moving parts; the movement may be rotary, as in this case, or lateral. Bearings have no wearable surfaces and are designed to fatigue after a time. With proper use this time is measured in years and not hours. The usual causes for premature failure of motor bearings are detectable from a close examination of the failed bearing since every different type of reason for failure will leave its own tell-tale signs on the bearing. Detailed examination of several failed bearings was done to determine: The study of the possible causes, collection of information analysis and preparation of report was completed over a period of 50 days. The approximate number of days spent on each activity and the scheduling of work are given in Appendix II attached to this report. Discussion The fishbone diagram A fishbone diagram was drawn to consider all possible causes that may lead to a premature bearing failure. The diagram is enclosed as Appendix-I to this paper. All aspects The four M's: Manpower, Material, Machine and Method The four S's: Suppliers, Surroundings, System and Skills The four P's: Policies, People, Procedures and Place Were considered with care and as a first step the four P's were rejected as not being relevant to this particular situation. The others were combined to form four major reasons Manpower and Skills Material and Suppliers Machine and Surroundings Method and System Every angle of how these could have led to the failure of the bearings was explored and these were eliminated one by one and the root cause of the bearing failure was isolated. The considered opinion of this writer is that the failure resulted from incorrect design and installation of the motors. A different approach was then adopted to determine the exact cause of the bearing failure by examining the engineering aspects of the design, alignment and installation of the motors that caused the bearings to fail. Technical evaluation The motor is

Key Performance Indicators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Key Performance Indicators - Essay Example According to the research findings, efficiency is about deploying the most optimal number of staff and serving the most number of customers at the least amount of time. while customer service is about being able to deliver on important customer service metrics like the order to fulfillment lead times, waiting times between customers, maximizing the size of the queue for both cars and dine-in customers, payment queues, the number of people served per table. Â  These twin concerns are of course of paramount concern for the firm, given that both impact profitability. Customer service affects the top-line revenues, in that the greatest number of people served results in the greatest amount of revenues for the firm, while efficiency metrics relating to the most efficient use of staff to serve the greatest amount of customers impact costs. When both costs and revenues are optimized, this results in the greatest possible bottom line results for the firm. In the case at hand, the KPIs are a rguably those that capture best the kind of efficiency and customer service gains that are optimal for the restaurant, and for these chosen KPIs the different shifts are measured. The simulation results detail many different KPIs that can potentially capture the most important data that serve the purpose of optimizing both revenues and costs as discussed above, and given the kinds of data collected for the different shifts, the choices were made based on what kind of metrics will yield the most in terms of optimizing both customer service levels and staffing levels. In the ideal case, the best shift to be chosen is one that employs the least amount of staff while at the same time maximizing customer service metrics that relate to the five KPIs chosen for this analysis. Without the KPIs, one would be inclined to choose that shift that employs the least amount of staff. Going the other extreme, the best shift would be the one that achieves the greatest customer service levels in terms of queue sizes and waiting times. Obviously, the latter impacts costs, while the former impacts customer service and therefore revenues. It is, therefore, a balance, and that balance is a function of the five KPIs chosen on the one hand and the staffing levels on the other.

Lung Cancer Patient

Lung Cancer Patient Lung Cancer One of the most common types of cancer is lung cancer or lung carcinoma which is a tumor that worsens and will continue to metastasize or spread if it is not prevented or given a cure. It does not usually appear in the age of forty years old and below. It is more pronounced in males than in females at the age of forty-five years old and above. Case studies show that around 80% of the women are now suffering from lung cancer. There are several risk factors that causes lung cancer such as inhalation of air pollution, radon gas, coming in contact with asbestos, arsenic and radiation for example are connected to the occurrence of lung cancer. Chances of inheriting lung cancer is small and being a second-hand smoker candidates a person to have lung cancer as well. Case studies show that cigarette smoking is the primary culprit for getting lung cancer. (Merck Manual, 2003) Lung cancer due to prolonged cigarette smoking and especially in large amounts slowly progresses into a tumor or cancer in the lung. The following case study is about a gentleman in his middle 60s and has lung cancer. Mr. Virgil T. Carter, the patient in this case study, lives on a farm outside a small rural town, Jefferson. There are only few medical services where he lives. He was diagnosed with a tumor located in the middle lobe of his right lung. He then struggles to get well through treatment by surgery, radiation therapy, proper nutrition, obtaining support from his family, physical adaptation to his condition and having a positive outlook. (Rodger M., 2008) The purpose of this study was to investigate what happens to the patient before, during and after his lung cancer treatment. The patients experiences with lung cancer will be stated. Accompanying research to support the facts will also be mentioned in this case study. Episode 1: a) Mr. Carters experiences: On July 12, 2007 Mr. Carter sought medical attention. It all started when the patient started coughing up blood seven days ago. On the first day it began, he coughed up blood three times in the amount of about 15ml separately. Symptoms set in where his coughing was regular for the past three months with no blood. He felt shortness of breath while wheezing. He felt tired and weak during that time. Three years ago, the patient would smoke about thirty packs per year then he stopped. He ate a well-balanced diet then. He drank three to four cans of alcohol every week and his overall physical state was normal until he was diagnosed with lung cancer. He is a father of three and a husband. He works as a farmer and is usually exposed to dust and would work about eight to twelve hours per day but then he had to stop three months ago due to the symptoms that he was experiencing. He loves interacting with other people and loves his work but he constantly felt the shortness of breath whenever he exerts force. The patient sought medical attention and was tested for hemoptysis and chest x-ray. He was co-operative with the medical staff and was informed that a lobectomy will be done. (Rodger M. Bruce R.N., 2008) b) My research: Mr. Carter shows the symptoms of a person suffering from lung cancer and it includes constant coughing that will not stop and it worsens if its prolonged and eventually, blood is expelled upon coughing. The patient will feel chest pains, feeling of tiredness, repeated shortness of breath in between wheezing, the patient gradually would lose interest in eating and eventually lose weight. (MedlinePlus, 1999) The patient is diagnosed through a chest x-ray where a shadow may be seen on the x-ray film, a Computed Tomography Scan shows nodules that the x-ray cannot show. A sputum examination may also be enough to provide adequate information for lung cancer. (Merck, 1995-2008) A lobectomy is a procedure wherein one entire lobe in the lung is removed. This will limit the spread of the lung cancer. (About.com, 2008) Episode 2: a) Mr. Carters experiences: On July 13, 2007, Mr. Carter underwent radiograph tests. On July 21, 2007 he underwent lobectomy. After the surgery, he said that he already wanted to go home. He feels that his health is improving. The patient wants to go home irregardless of his coughing. He was tolerating the therapy which was a good sign and healing of his wound was better. During physical therapy, the patient complains for pain in the chest and he was unable to sleep peacefully throughout the night. The patients lips have turned to the color of blue and so were his nail beds on his toes and fingers. He feels dizziness when he attempts to rise from his bed and he needed support when walking due to this and accompanied with shortness of breath. The patient co-operates with the medical staff even if he felt terrible with his condition. During physical therapy, the patient would respond by nodding his head for yes and would shake his head for no. He was in pain and felt too tired. The patient can already sit up in bed but he is still weak and easily exhausted even when hes asked to participate in light ADLs [activity of daily living]. He would tidy himself by washing his face and brushing his hair. He could eat just about one meal per week by himself. (Rodger M. Bruce R.N., 2008) b) My research: Post-surgery in lobectomy may allow a patient to be discharged from the hospital in a weeks time. Although, lobectomy may make a patient face the challenge to contract pneumonia, have bleeding, have an infection or they may experience adverse reactions to the medication or anesthesia used during the operating procedure. (About.com, 2008) Episode 3: a) Mr. Carters experiences: On August 2, 2007, Mr. Carter is feeling better, though his body still feels sore. He would only cough whenever he would take deep breaths and this causes pain to his chest. He doesnt have a fever and has been very co-operative by taking all of his medications. He doesnt eat a lot because he complains that it doesnt taste good. He would only finish half of his food and would feel tired during this time. Mr. Carter was provided a dietary plan to give him energy and heal properly. Mr. Carter is scheduled for radiation therapy at least two to four weeks after being discharged from the hospital. This will enable him to heal and recover properly. The patient has limited energy to move around or even do tasks. He feels a little pain when doing normal work. He feels calm and peaceful. He has a high energy level. He would fell downhearted and feel a little blue some of the time. The patient feels very badly since he doesnt do anything helpful but watch the television all day or spend the whole day in bed. The patient is affected emotionally by feeling hopeless and shortness of breath increased. This limited his movement once again. (Rodger M. Bruce R.N., 2008) b) My research: In the case of the patient, Mr. Carter, not only needs lobectomy, but he requires radiation therapy as well as not all of the cancer cells has been removed. At this stage, the patients body is still recovering and fighting the cancer cells. (Merck, 2008) Episode 4: a) Mr. Carters experiences: On January 29, 2007, Mr. Carter only feels a little shortness of breath when wheezing and no pain in the chest is felt. Though, he still feels weak and has withdrawn himself from the family by not joining in on their activities. Patient still doesnt feel like eating but he tries to consume a little food for energy. His weight has dropped because of inadequate intake of food. He feels tired most of the time. He has lesser periods of shortness of breath compared to what he felt before. He feels agitated when his wife tries to provide him care. This is probably due to the wifes attitude towards her husband because he doesnt do anything at home. He mentioned that he feels more energized compared to the previous appointment for Occupational Therapy. He can already dress and bathe all by himself. He would rest from time to time in the middle of his simple daily activities. (Rodger M. Bruce R.N., 2008) b) My research: Conclusion References Linda L.H. Steven T., Mark J. Lung Cancer Screening with Sputum Cytologic Examination, Chest Radiography, and Computed Tomography: An Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine. 4 May 2004. 29 January 2008. http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/140/9/740 Lung Cancer: Cancer of the Lungs. Merck Manual Home Edition.1995-2008. 29 January 2008. http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch057/ch057a.html#sec04- ch057-ch057a-894 Lung Carcinoma: Tumors of the Lungs. Merck Manual Professional. 1995-2008. 29 January 2008. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec05/ch062/ch062b.html#sec05- ch062-ch062b-1379 Lung Cancer symptoms treatment information research charity Association For International Cancer Research 2004-2005. 29 January 2008. http://www.aicr.org.uk/lungcancerfaqs.stm?source=Adwords National Library of Medicine Lung cancer small cell MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Lung Cancer. 19 March 1999. 29 January 2008. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lungcancer.html Cancer Lung Cancer Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007. 29 January 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm Lung Cancer Causes, Symptoms, Signs, Stages, Treatment and Diagnosis on MedicineNet.com. MedicineNet, Inc. 1996-2008. 29 January 2008. http://www.medicinenet.com/lung_cancer/article.htm#toca Lung Cancer oncologychannel. 1998-2008. 29 January 2008 http://www.oncologychannel.com/lungcancer/index.shtml Rodger M. Bruce R.N. WHISSL Worldwide Health Information System Simulation Linkage. WHISSL. 29 January 2008. http://whissl.utmb.edu/WHISSL/index.asp Lobectomy Lung Cancer Surgery Lobectomy and Lung Cancer. About.com. 2008. 29 January 2008. http://cancer.about.com/od/lungcancersurgery/p/lobectomy.htm

Characterization of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy in Jane Austens Pride and

Characterization of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚   Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, is an authentic character, allowing readers to identify, sympathize, and grow with her. Unfortunately, Austen does not create a match for Elizabeth who is her equal in terms of characterization. Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth's sometime adversary, beloved, and, finally, husband, is not so carefully crafted as she, for his character is somewhat undefined, made up of only mystery, inconsistency, and conventionality.    Elizabeth is, initially, quick to make judgments and just as quick to hold fast to those preconceptions. In effect, Elizabeth represents both aspects of the novel's title, being both proud and prejudicial. It is not these factors, then, that endear her to readers, but rather the depth of her character in that she develops into a more even-minded person with a rare capacity for self-awareness. For though at one time she has the highest regard for Mr. Wickham and a low opinion of Mr. Darcy, later, though it is her "greatest misfortune" (Austen 61), Elizabeth amends her former thinking by "feeling that she had been blind, partial, prejudiced and absurd" (135). It is evident that she matures into a fully developed woman who can admit, "'Till this moment, I never knew myself'" (135, emphasis mine).    Mr. Darcy is truly an enigma. Though he is apparently handsome, his physical attributes are nondescript; readers may learn more about this powerful figure's person and tastes from the description of Pemberley, his grand estate. If Pemberley is indeed an extension of, or a reflection of, Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth's pondering that "to be mistress of Pemberley might be so... ... "exactly the man, who, in disposition and talents, would most suit her" (Austen 199).    Works Cited Auerbach, Nina. "Waiting Together: Pride and Prejudice." Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 336-348. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. 1813. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. Harding, D. W. "Regulated Hatred: An Aspect in the Work of Jane Austen." Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 291-295. Johnson, Claudia L. "Pride and Prejudice and the Pursuit of Happiness." Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 367-376. Mudrick, Marvin."Irony as Discovery in Pride and Prejudice." Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York: Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 295-303.